使用场景
应用上线后甲方频繁的找开发查询数据库数据，且没有固定的查询规律，产品经理也没有规划报表需求。
实现方案
后端开放自定义sql查询，屏蔽所有数据库的高危操作，将常用查询的sql放在一个html中的js中直接查询，功能满足以下需求：
- 可动态设置接口地址，方便查看测试和正式数据库
- 可预设常用查询sql
- 支持cte查询，支持sql注释
- 动态表头，分页显示总条数
- 保留查询历史记录
- 预览长文本支持单机常看详情
- 最重要的，尽量简单，单页面实现，无其他依赖
效果图
实现代码
后端java接口
@Autowiredprivate JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;@PostMapping("/query/sql/page")@Operation(summary = "通用SQL分页查询", description = "仅允许执行SELECT语句并支持分页")public ResponseResult<PageResponse> executePagedQuery(@RequestBody SqlQueryRequest request) {String sql = request.getSql();Integer pageSize = request.getPageSize();Integer pageIndex = request.getPageIndex();try {// 校验参数if (sql == null || sql.trim().isEmpty() || !isSafeSelectSql(sql)) {return ResponseResult.fail(400, "无效的SQL语句或非SELECT查询");}if (pageSize == null || pageSize <= 0) {pageSize = 10;}if (pageIndex == null || pageIndex < 1) {pageIndex = 1;}// 构建 count SQL// 修改 executePagedQuery 方法中调用 buildCountSql 的部分：String safeSql = removeSingleLineComments(sql);String countSql = buildCountSql(safeSql);// 执行 count 查询Long total = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(countSql, Long.class);// 添加分页条件String pagedSql = safeSql + " LIMIT " + pageSize + " OFFSET " + ((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize);// 执行分页查询List<Map<String, Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(pagedSql);// 返回分页结果return ResponseResult.success(PageResponse.of(result, total, pageIndex, pageSize));} catch (Exception e) {log.error("执行分页SQL失败: {}", e.getMessage(), e);return ResponseResult.fail(500, "SQL执行异常：" + e.getMessage());}}// 构建 COUNT SQLprivate String buildCountSql(String originalSql) {return "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (" + originalSql + ") AS tmp";}/*** 移除 SQL 中的单行注释（以 "--" 开头的部分）*/private String removeSingleLineComments(String sql) {if (sql == null) {return null;}// 使用正则表达式匹配 "--" 注释并移除整行return sql.replaceAll("--[^\n]*", "");}/*** 判断是否为安全的 SELECT 查询（支持 CTE）*/private boolean isSafeSelectSql(String sql) {if (sql == null || sql.trim().isEmpty()) {return false;}String trimmedSql = sql.trim().toLowerCase();// 使用正则判断是否是以 SELECT 或 WITH 开头，并且不包含危险关键词return trimmedSql.matches("(?s:^(select|with).*$)")&& !containsForbiddenKeywords(trimmedSql);}/*** 检查 SQL 是否包含非法关键字*/private boolean containsForbiddenKeywords(String sql) {List<String> forbiddenKeywords = Arrays.asList("\\b(delete|update|insert|drop|truncate|merge|exec|execute|create|alter|grant|revoke|call|load|replace|upsert|copy)\\b","into","for update");for (String pattern : forbiddenKeywords) {if (Pattern.compile(pattern, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE).matcher(sql).find()) {return true;}}return false;}为了解决跨域问题，还需要添加如下代码
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {@Overridepublic void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {registry.addMapping("/test/**") // 允许跨域的路径.allowedOrigins("*") // 允许所有来源.allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "PUT", "OPTIONS").allowedHeaders("*") // 允许所有头部.exposedHeaders("*").allowCredentials(false) // 关闭凭据支持.maxAge(3600); // 预检请求的有效期}
}
单页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><title>通用SQL查询页面</title><!-- 引入 Element Plus 样式 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/element-plus/dist/index.css"/><style>body {margin: 20px;}.form-container {margin-bottom: 20px;}.table-wrapper {max-height: 500px;overflow-y: auto;}.split-container {display: flex;gap: 20px;}.left-panel {flex: 1;}.right-panel {margin-top: 1rem;width: 100px;display: flex;flex-direction: column;gap: 15px;align-items: center;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"><!-- SQL 查询表单 --><el-card class="form-container"><el-form label-position="top" :model="form" @submit.prevent="fetchData"><div class="split-container"><!-- 左边 SQL 输入区 --><div class="left-panel"><el-form-item label="SQL语句" style="margin-bottom: 0;"><template #label>SQL语句<span style="color: red; font-size: 12px; margin-left: 10px;">（不可输入任何修改和删除相关的语句）</span><span style="color: #00d28c; font-size: 12px; margin-left: 10px;">（“--” 可以忽略单行语句，移除可添加筛选条件）</span></template><el-input v-model="form.sql" type="textarea" rows="8" placeholder="请输入SQL语句"></el-input></el-form-item></div><!-- 右边参数+按钮 --><div class="right-panel"><el-button type="primary" @click="showApiRootDialog = true" style="width: 100%;">接口地址</el-button><!-- 内置查询按钮 --><el-popover placement="left" trigger="click" width="250px"><template #reference><el-button type="primary" style="width: 100%;">内置查询</el-button></template><div><h4 style="margin-top: 0;">预设查询列表</h4><ul style="list-style: none; padding-left: 0;"><li v-for="(preset, index) in presetQueries" :key="index"><el-link @click="usePresetQuery(preset)" type="primary">{{ preset.name }}</el-link></li></ul></div></el-popover><!-- 历史按钮 --><el-button plain @click="showHistoryDialog = true" style="width: 100%;">历史查询</el-button><!-- 查询按钮 --><el-button type="success" native-type="submit" style="width: 100%;">查询</el-button></div></div></el-form></el-card><!-- 表格展示 --><el-table :data="tableData" border class="table-wrapper" v-loading="loading"><el-table-column v-for="(col, index) in columns" :key="index" :label="col"><template #default="scope"><span:title="scope.row[col]"@click="showFullContentDialog(scope.row[col])"style="display: inline-block; max-width: 300px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; cursor: pointer;">{{ scope.row[col] }}</span></template></el-table-column></el-table><!-- 查看完整内容弹窗 --><el-dialog v-model="showContentDialog" title="完整内容" width="60%"><pre style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;">{{ fullContent }}</pre></el-dialog><!-- 分页组件 --><div style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="margin-right: 15px; font-size: 14px;">共 {{ pageInfo.total }} 条</span><el-paginationlayout="prev, pager, next":total="pageInfo.total"v-model:current-page="form.pageIndex":page-size="form.pageSize"@current-change="handlePageChange"background/></div><!-- 接口设置弹窗 --><el-dialog v-model="showApiRootDialog" title="api设置"><el-form label-position="top"><!-- 接口地址 --><el-form-item label="后端接口地址"><el-input v-model="apiUrl" placeholder="请输入后端接口地址"></el-input></el-form-item><!-- 每页条数 + 历史缓存条数 并排布局 --><div style="display: flex; gap: 10px;"><el-form-item label="每页条数" style="flex: 1;"><el-input-number v-model="form.pageSize" :min="1" :max="100" style="width: 100%;"></el-input-number></el-form-item><el-form-item label="历史缓存条数" style="flex: 1;"><el-input-number v-model="historyCacheSize" :min="1" :max="50" style="width: 100%;"></el-input-number></el-form-item></div></el-form><template #footer><el-button @click="showApiRootDialog = false">取消</el-button><el-button type="primary" @click="saveRootPath">确定</el-button></template></el-dialog><!-- 历史记录弹窗 --><el-dialog v-model="showHistoryDialog" title="历史查询记录"><el-scrollbar style="height: 300px;"><ul style="list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;"><li v-for="(item, index) in historyList" :key="index" style="padding: 8px 0 4px;"><el-link @click="useHistory(item)" type="primary">{{ item }}</el-link><div v-if="index < historyList.length - 1"style="border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; margin: 4px 0;"></div></li></ul></el-scrollbar><template #footer><el-button @click="clearHistory">清空历史</el-button><el-button @click="showHistoryDialog = false">关闭</el-button></template></el-dialog>
</div><!-- 引入 Vue 3 -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3.4.15/dist/vue.global.prod.js"></script>
<!-- 引入 axios -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<!-- 引入 Element Plus 组件库 -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/element-plus/dist/index.full.min.js"></script><script>const {createApp} = Vue;createApp({data() {// 预设查询const presetQueries = [{name: "设施查询", sql: " SELECT a.id AS \"设施Id\",a.name AS \"设施名称\",bt.name AS \"设施类型\",cc.CITY_NAME AS \"城市名称\",a.PROPERTIES as \"详细属性\",a.DISTRICT AS \"区县\"\n" +" FROM building a\n" +" LEFT JOIN BUILDING_TYPE bt ON a.TYPE=bt.ID\n" +" LEFT JOIN CITY_CONFIG cc ON a.city = cc.city_code\n" +" -- where bt.name = '供水厂'"},{name: "城市信息", sql: " SELECT city_code AS \"城市编码\",city_name AS \"城市名称\",DISTRICTS AS \"区县\",CITY_CONFIG.SMS_ENABLE AS \"短信开关\"\n" +" FROM city_config"},{name: "指定时间区间预警数量统计", sql: "SELECT \"LEVEL\" AS \"预警等级\" ,count(1) AS \"触发次数\"\n" +"FROM FORECAST_RAIN_LOG frl \n" +"WHERE frl.CREATE_TIME BETWEEN '2025-06-01 22:00:00.000' AND '2025-06-02 01:00:00.000' \n" +"-- AND frl.\"LEVEL\" >0\n" +"-- AND frl.RAIN_ID = 184\n" +"GROUP BY frl.LEVEL"},{name: "短信发送记录", sql: "SELECT sl.CITY_CODE AS \"城市编码\",sl.CITY_NAME AS \"城市\",TO_CHAR(sl.SEND_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') AS \"发送时间\",sl.USERNAME AS \"接收人\",sl.PHONE AS \"手机号\",sl.CONTENT AS \"短信内容\",sl.WARNING_LEVEL AS \"预警等级\"\n" +"FROM SMS_LOG sl\n" +"WHERE 1=1 \n" +"-- AND sl.CITY_NAME = '百色市' \n" +"-- AND sl.SEND_TIME BETWEEN '2025-05-01 22:00:00.000' AND '2025-06-02 01:00:00.000'\n" +"-- AND sl.USERNAME = '黄科谕'\n" +"ORDER BY sl.SEND_TIME DESC"},{name: "设施降雨预警历史记录", sql: "SELECT \n" +" b.id AS \"设施id\",b.name AS \"设施名称\",\n" +" a.val AS \"降雨量\", a.LEVEL AS \"预警等级\",\n" +" TO_CHAR(a.CREATE_TIME, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') as \"预警时间\",\n" +" cc.CITY_NAME AS \"城市\", cc.city_code AS \"城市编码\"\n" +"FROM FORECAST_RAIN_LOG a \n" +"LEFT JOIN building b ON a.RAIN_ID = b.id\n" +"LEFT JOIN CITY_CONFIG cc ON cc.city_code = b.city\n" +"WHERE a.create_time > '2025-06-01 09:30:00' \n" +" AND a.create_time < '2025-06-03 14:30:30' \n" +" AND a.level > 0\n" +" --筛选i设施\n" +" -- AND b.id = 826\n" +" --筛选预警等级\n" +" -- AND a.level = 2\n" +"ORDER BY a.CREATE_TIME ASC"},{name: "指定时间区间发生预警的设施", sql: "SELECT b.id AS \"设施id\",cc.CITY_NAME AS \"城市\",b.name AS \"设施名称\",b.PROPERTIES AS \"详细属性\"\n" +"FROM building b \n" +"LEFT JOIN CITY_CONFIG cc ON b.city = cc.CITY_CODE\n" +"WHERE b.id in (\n" +"\tSELECT DISTINCT frl.RAIN_ID FROM FORECAST_RAIN_LOG frl \n" +"WHERE frl.\"LEVEL\" >0 AND frl.CREATE_TIME BETWEEN '2025-06-01 22:00:00.000' AND '2025-06-02 01:00:00.000' \n" +")\n" +"ORDER BY CITY_NAME"},{name: "当前触发短信预警的设施", sql: "WITH three_hour_records AS (\n" +" SELECT\n" +" frl.*,\n" +" ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY frl.RAIN_ID ORDER BY frl.CREATE_TIME DESC) as rn\n" +" FROM FORECAST_RAIN_LOG frl\n" +" WHERE frl.DURATION = 3\n" +" -- 筛选最近3小时的数据\n" +" AND frl.CREATE_TIME >= DATEADD(HOUR, -3, SYSDATE)\n" +" )\n" +" -- 查询降雨预警>0且三小时内没发短信的设施\n" +" ,constant_alert AS (\n" +" SELECT\n" +" t.RAIN_ID\n" +" FROM three_hour_records t\n" +" -- 最新预警等级大于0\n" +" WHERE t.rn =1 and t.LEVEL > 0\n" +" -- 且三小时内没有短信记录\n" +" AND NOT EXISTS (\n" +" SELECT 1 FROM SMS_LOG s\n" +" WHERE s.SEND_TIME >= DATEADD(HOUR, -3, SYSDATE)\n" +" AND s.building_ids LIKE '%'||t.RAIN_ID||'%'\n" +" )\n" +" )\n" +" -- 检测最新预警等级大于3小时内已发短信的预警等级的设施\n" +" ,risk_increased AS (\n" +" SELECT\n" +" l1.RAIN_ID\n" +" FROM three_hour_records l1\n" +" LEFT JOIN (\n" +" SELECT \n" +" building_ids,\n" +" WARNING_LEVEL,\n" +" ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY building_ids ORDER BY SEND_TIME DESC) as sms_rn\n" +" FROM SMS_LOG\n" +" WHERE SEND_TIME >= DATEADD(HOUR, -3, SYSDATE)\n" +" ) s ON s.building_ids LIKE '%'||l1.RAIN_ID||'%' AND s.sms_rn = 1\n" +" WHERE l1.rn = 1\n" +" AND l1.LEVEL > s.WARNING_LEVEL\n" +" )\n" +" -- 合并两类需要发送短信的设施\n" +" SELECT\n" +" b.id, b.city AS cityCode, c.CITY_NAME AS cityName,\n" +" b.name, b.PROPERTIES,\n" +" lr.CREATE_TIME AS updatedAt,\n" +" lr.val as val,\n" +" lr.level as level\n" +" FROM building b\n" +" INNER JOIN (\n" +" \t-- 设施ID去重合并\n" +" SELECT RAIN_ID FROM risk_increased\n" +" UNION\n" +" SELECT RAIN_ID FROM constant_alert\n" +" ) combined ON b.id = combined.RAIN_ID\n" +" INNER JOIN three_hour_records lr ON b.id = lr.RAIN_ID AND lr.rn = 1\n" +" LEFT JOIN city_config c ON b.city = c.CITY_CODE\n" +" -- 只给内涝设施发送短信且城市开关打开\n" +" where b.type in (3,36) and c.sms_enable = 1"},];// 获取本地缓存的 SQL，默认为空字符串const lastSql = localStorage.getItem('lastSql') || '';// 获取默认 SQL：优先用本地缓存，否则用第一个预设 SQLconst defaultSql = lastSql || (presetQueries.length > 0 ? presetQueries[0].sql : '');return {apiUrl: localStorage.getItem('apiUrl') || 'http://192.168.10.160:9876/test/query/sql/page',form: {sql: defaultSql,pageSize: parseInt(localStorage.getItem('pageSize')) || 10,pageIndex: 1},tableData: [],columns: [],pageInfo: {total: 0,pages: 0},loading: false,presetQueries: presetQueries,// 控制弹窗showApiRootDialog: false,showHistoryDialog: false,// 历史查询historyList: JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('historySqls') || '[]'),historyCacheSize: parseInt(localStorage.getItem('historyCacheSize')) || 10,//单元格详情fullContent: '',showContentDialog: false};},methods: {async fetchData() {this.loading = true;if (!this.apiUrl || !this.form.sql.trim()) {this.$message.warning("请填写完整的后端地址和SQL语句");this.loading = false;return;}try {const res = await axios.post(this.apiUrl, {sql: this.form.sql,pageSize: this.form.pageSize,pageIndex: this.form.pageIndex});if (res.data.code === 0 && res.data.data) {this.tableData = res.data.data.records || [];this.pageInfo.total = res.data.data.total || 0;this.pageInfo.pages = res.data.data.pages || 0;this.columns = this.tableData.length > 0 ? Object.keys(this.tableData[0]) : [];// 只有在 SQL 不同的情况下才添加历史const lastSql = localStorage.getItem('lastSql');if (this.form.sql.trim() !== (lastSql || '')) {this.addToHistory(this.form.sql);localStorage.setItem('lastSql', this.form.sql);}} else {this.$message.error(res.data.msg || '查询失败');}} catch (err) {this.$message.error('接口调用失败，请检查网络或SQL语句');console.error(err);} finally {this.loading = false;}},handlePageChange(page) {this.form.pageIndex = page;this.fetchData();},saveRootPath() {localStorage.setItem('apiUrl', this.apiUrl);localStorage.setItem('pageSize', this.form.pageSize);localStorage.setItem('historyCacheSize', this.historyCacheSize);this.showApiRootDialog = false;},useHistory(sql) {this.form.sql = sql;this.showHistoryDialog = false;this.fetchData();},showFullContentDialog(content) {this.fullContent = content;this.showContentDialog = true;},addToHistory(sql) {let index = this.historyList.indexOf(sql);if (index !== -1) {this.historyList.splice(index, 1); // 移除旧的}this.historyList.unshift(sql);// 使用 historyCacheSize 控制最大缓存条数this.historyList = this.historyList.slice(0, this.historyCacheSize);localStorage.setItem('historySqls', JSON.stringify(this.historyList));},clearHistory() {this.historyList = [];localStorage.removeItem('historySqls');},usePresetQuery(preset) {this.form.sql = preset.sql;this.fetchData(); // 可选：点击即自动查询},}}).use(ElementPlus).mount('#app');
</script>
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