captcha：大概是“我不是机器人”的一个勾选框或者图片验证
LOW:
先输入密码正常修改试一下（123），发现报错
查看源码：
<?phpif( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '1' ) ) {// Hide the CAPTCHA form$hide_form = true;// Get input$pass_new = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party$resp = recaptcha_check_answer($_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key'],$_POST['g-recaptcha-response']);// Did the CAPTCHA fail?if( !$resp ) {// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly$html .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";$hide_form = false;return;}else {// CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {// Show next stage for the userecho "<pre><br />You passed the CAPTCHA! Click the button to confirm your changes.<br /></pre><form action=\"#\" method=\"POST\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"step\" value=\"2\" /><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_new\" value=\"{$pass_new}\" /><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_conf\" value=\"{$pass_conf}\" /><input type=\"submit\" name=\"Change\" value=\"Change\" /></form>";}else {// Both new passwords do not match.$html .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";$hide_form = false;}}
}if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '2' ) ) {// Hide the CAPTCHA form$hide_form = true;// Get input$pass_new = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];// Check to see if both password matchif( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {// They do!$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );// Update database$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );// Feedback for the end userecho "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";}else {// Issue with the passwords matchingecho "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";$hide_form = false;}((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}?>
分两个阶段，1阶段检查captcha，但密码修改的部分在2阶段，low关就没有出现captcha，所有我们直接跳过步骤1：
输入修改密码，bp抓包，抓到这些
把step=1改成step=2，放包
MEDIUM:
查看源码，多了一个验证
还是bp抓包，把step=1改成2，然后加上
passed_captcha=true
放包，修改成功
HIGH:
查看源码：
新加上了两个验证，第一行我们可以通过加一个post参数 g-recaptcha-response=hidd3n_valu3，第二行要求请求必须包含特定的UA头，否则直接拒绝访问
并且这个难度级把两个阶段合并到了一起
所以还是bp抓包，抓到这些
改请求头和参数，改完变成这样
IMPOSSIBLE:
查看源码：
<?phpif( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) ) {// Check Anti-CSRF tokencheckToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );// Hide the CAPTCHA form$hide_form = true;// Get input$pass_new = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];$pass_new = stripslashes( $pass_new );$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];$pass_conf = stripslashes( $pass_conf );$pass_conf = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_conf ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));$pass_conf = md5( $pass_conf );$pass_curr = $_POST[ 'password_current' ];$pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr );$pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));$pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr );// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party$resp = recaptcha_check_answer($_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],$_POST['g-recaptcha-response']);// Did the CAPTCHA fail?if( !$resp ) {// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectlyecho "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";$hide_form = false;}else {// Check that the current password is correct$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR );$data->execute();// Do both new password match and was the current password correct?if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) {// Update the database$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' );$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR );$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );$data->execute();// Feedback for the end user - success!echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";}else {// Feedback for the end user - failed!echo "<pre>Either your current password is incorrect or the new passwords did not match.<br />Please try again.</pre>";$hide_form = false;}}
}// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();?>优化的地方：
1.双重token验证
2.pdo预处理
3.generateSessionToken()生成唯一随机id，与当前页面，会话，用户关联
