那么，奥运会裁判又是如何被挑选出来的？请跟随小编一起来了解一下吧！

How are Olympic judges chosen – and how do we know they’re fair?

文章来源：CBSNews

网址：https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-olympic-judges-chosen-fairness/

Athletesfrom 206 countries have congregated (聚集) in Tokyo to compete in dozens of sports, many of them judged by panels of experts. With judges from around the world — some watching athletes from their own countries — how does the Olympics ensure impartialityin a subjectively (主观地) judged sport?

来自206个国家的运动员聚集在东京，要在多个项目中角逐，其中许多项目由专家小组评判。随着来自世界各地的裁判的到来，包括有些是来观看自己国家运动员比赛的——奥运会是如何确保这场依赖主观评判的运动的公正性呢？

athleten 运动员

a panel of experts专家组

ensurev [学术词] 保证；担保；确保

impartialityn 公正性 [impartial 公正的 + -ity 名词后缀]

The International Olympic Committee, known as the IOC, and the International Sports Federationschoose judges. Each sport has its own international federation, which supervisessports at the globallevel.

国际奥委会和国际体育联合会负责选择裁判的工作，每一项运动都有自己的国际联合会，在全球层面监督体育运动。

federationn [学术词] （俱乐部、工会等的）联合会

supervisev 监督；管理；指导 [super- 在上 + vis看]

globaladj[学术词] 全球的；全世界的

FIFA — or Fédération Internationale de Football Association — is the well-known federation that overseessoccer, or football, worldwide. Gymnastics (体操) is overseen by the International Gymnastics Federation, or IGF.

国际足联（简称国际足球联合会）是世界著名的足球运动监管联合会。体操由国际体操联合会监督。

overseev 监督；监视 [over- + see]

These federations are not affiliated withany one country or government and are involved inthe organizing of the Olympic Games. They establishtheschedulefor their sport, the requirements for qualifying, the number of competitors from each country and the number of international technical officials, such as referees (裁判), judges, timekeepers (计时员), inspectorsor juries of appeal.

这些联合会不隶属于任何一个国家或政府，全程参与奥林匹克运动会的组织工作。他们制订赛事日程、资格审查、每个国家的参赛人数以及国际技术员的人数，如裁判员、评判员、计时员、检查员或上诉陪审团。

affiliate sb / sth with / to 使某人 / 某物隶属于 ......

affiliate 及其派生词常表示一个小机构对一个大机构的从属关系，如a hospital affiliated to ／ with the medical college (医学院附属医院)，an affiliated company (分公司)。

affiliate 一词源自拉丁文 affiliare ( ad- ‘to’ + filius ‘son’)，原义为 to adopt as a son (收为养子)，现多用于喻义，表示“使附属于”，“接纳为......成员（或分支机构）”。

be / get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联

establishv [学术词] 建立；设立

schedulen[学术词] 日程安排；工作计划

inspectorn [学术词] 检查员；视察员；巡视员

The federations nominate (提名) these officials for their sports and the IOC then approvesor rejects their recommendations.

联合会为各自代表的体育运动提名这些赛事官员，然后国际奥委会批准或拒绝他们的建议。

approve / reject a recommendation 批准 / 拒绝一项建议

Some Olympic sports, like track, are not subjective. The fastest is the fastest. But for more subjective sports like gymnastics, multiplejudges sit onpanels and rules try and ensure their impartiality.

一些奥运项目并不是主观的由裁判打分，比如径赛项目，最快的就是最快的。但对于像体操这样主观性强的项目，则由多名评委形成裁判小组制订规则，以此来确保得分的公正性。

multiple adj数量多的；多种多样的

sit on担任……的委员

For Olympic gymnastics, two judges sit on the D Panel, which judges difficulty. Five judges sit on the E Panel, which judges execution. So, no one judge is judging a gymnast’s performance across the board.

在奥林匹克体操项目中，两名裁判组成D小组，负责评判难度。五名裁判组成E小组，负责评判动作完成情况。因此，没有一个裁判整体评判体操运动员的表现。

executionn 实行；执行；实施

across the board 全面地；整体地

The highest and lowest execution scores are droppedand the three remaining scores are averaged, as a way to weed outany scores that may be high or low because of a judge’s bias. A Reference panel corrects any problems with the execution scores.

最高和最低完成分会被剔除，并对剩余三个分数进行平均分计算。这种方法是为了消除因裁判偏见导致的高分或低分。参照小组会对完成分数存在的任何问题进行纠正。

dropv [熟词生义] 省略；不予考虑；遗漏

averagev [名词动化] 计算出……的平均数

weed out除去 / 淘汰（不合格的人或物）

biasn [学术词] 偏心；偏见；偏向

For diving (跳水运动), judges are chosen by Fédération Internationale De Natation, or FINA, the international federation that oversees water sports. Similarly to gymnastics, seven judges submittheir scores for a dive, and then the top two and bottom two scores are eliminated.

在跳水比赛中，裁判由国际水上运动联合会选出。国际水上运动联合会是监管水上运动的国际联合会。与体操运动类似，七名裁判提交他们的跳水打分成绩，然后最高的两个分数和最低的两个分数被去掉。

submitv [学术词] 提交；呈送；呈递

eliminatev[学术词] 清除；消除；排除

The three remaining scores are added upand multipliedby the degree of difficulty, or DD rating, which measures the difficulty for each type of dive.

剩下的三个分数相加，然后乘以难度等级，即衡量每种跳水动作难度的难度系数等级。

add ... up把……加起来

multiplyv 乘；乘以

ratingn 等级；级别

Each sport has its own process of choosing Olympic judges.

每项运动都有自己选择奥运裁判的流程。

All judges, coaches and athletes must also agree to the Olympic oath, which is read during the opening ceremony, according to the IOC. The oath is about respecting the rules of the game and has been adapted over time toinclude things like doping (兴奋剂).

根据国际奥委会的说法，所有裁判、教练和运动员也必须同意在开幕式上宣读奥林匹克誓词。誓词是关于尊重比赛规则的，并随着时间推移不断改进，增加了包括兴奋剂等内容。

oathn 誓言；宣誓

the opening ceremony开幕式

adaptv 修改

over time渐渐地；慢慢地

“Together we stand in solidarityand commit ourselves tosport without doping, without cheating, without any form of discrimination,” the oath reads.

誓词写道：“我们团结一致，不使用兴奋剂、不作弊、不歧视任何形式的体育运动。”

solidarityn 团结；相互支持

commit oneself to致力于某事

discriminationn [学术词] 歧视；偏袒；区别对待

While there are measuresin placeto try and ensure impartiality, judges have been unfair before — and suffered the consequences. During the Rio Olympics in 2016, the International Boxing Association (国际拳击协会) sent home an unspecified number of referees and judges.

虽然有措施试图确保公正，但裁判以前也出现过不公正的评判，并承担了相应的后果。在2016年里约奥运会期间，国际拳击协会遣散了一些裁判和评委。

in place准备就绪

suffer the consequence面对后果

unspecifiedadj [学术词] 不明确的；未说明的

The association said a review found that “less thana handful ofthe decisions were not at the level expected,” according to CBS Sports.

据哥伦比亚广播公司体育频道报道，该协会表示，一项审查发现，“只有少数判定难以服众”。

a handful of少数……

The review came after Irish boxer Michael Conlan thought he defeated Russia’s Vladimir Nikitin, but the officials’ decision went 3-0 against him. Conlan accusedthe Amateur International Boxing Association of being bribed tomake the decision.

此前，爱尔兰拳击手迈克尔·康兰认为自己击败了俄罗斯的弗拉基米尔·尼基丁，但三名裁判一致判定俄罗斯选手获胜，对康兰不利。康兰谴责业余国际拳击协会做出这一决定是因为收受了贿赂。

accusev 控告；控诉；谴责

bribe sb to do sth贿赂某人做某事

词源故事：bribe - 直接借自古法语，在14世纪法语中原指“（施与乞丐的）面包片”。当bribe进入英语时，它最初表示“偷窃”或“勒索”。到了16世纪这些词义逐渐被废弃，转用于今天仍在使用的词义“贿赂；行贿”。

During the 2000 Winter Games in Salt Lake City, judges were bribed to score figure skaters from Russia and France higher. Russian skating pair Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze won the gold medal — even thoughthey slipped and the Canadian team was virtually flawless.

在2000年盐湖冬奥会期间，裁判们收受贿赂，给俄罗斯和法国的花样滑冰运动员打高分。俄罗斯双人滑冰运动员埃琳娜·贝雷日纳亚和安东·西卡鲁利泽赢得了金牌——尽管他们滑倒了，而加拿大队的表现近乎完美。

even though / if尽管；即使

virtuallyadv [学术词] 几乎；事实上；实际上

flawless adj完美的；无瑕的

French judge Marie-Reine Le Gougne admitted the next day that she had been pressured to vote forthe Russians.

法国裁判玛丽-雷纳·勒·古涅第二天承认，她被迫投票给俄罗斯队。

pressure sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

vote for投……的票

Following the scandal, the International Skating Union changed its judging selection rules. Now, there is a large group of judges used and a smaller group of "scoring judges" is thenanonymouslychosen from that pool. Their scores are the ones then counted.

丑闻发生后，国际滑冰联盟改变了其评选规则。现在，该组织聘用了一大群裁判，然后从这些裁判中匿名选择了一小组“评分裁判”。他们给出的分数就是稍后用来计算得分的分数。

scandaln 丑行；丑闻

anonymouslyadv 匿名地

pooln [熟词生义] 可用的人员；备用人员

运动员们拥有足够的实力，却因为其他原因失去胜利，我们遗憾、痛心，但我们更多的应该是为运动员们感到骄傲。

中国运动员的素质和能力有目共睹，中国运动员们不搞小动作、不信潜规则，始终坚持堂堂正正打比赛的态度也展示给了全世界。我们坚持弘扬奥林匹克精神和中华体育精神，坚持拿“道德金牌”“风格金牌”“干净金牌”。

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